NECO GEOGRAPHY ESSAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY AVAILABLE*

NECO Geography Answers.

SECTION A

 

(1a)

Conurbation is the name given to two or more town/cities which have grown to merge with one another.

(1ai)

Specimen A – Head pan

Specimen B – Shovel

Specimen C – Measuring tape

Specimen D – Digger

Specimen E – Axe

Specimen F – Hooks

 

(1aii)

Draw the diagram

[img]https://i.ibb.co/j5nD6kQ/Images.jpg[/img]

 

(1aiii)

A – It is used in the collection of harvested crops

B – It is used to move loose, granular materials

C – It is used to measure size or distance

D – It is used for tilling of the soil

E – It is used to cut stems and thick sized branches of trees

F – It is used for surface tillage.

 

(1bi)

(i) Retract tape measures slowly

(ii) Control the blade return

(iii) Perform regular checks

 

(1bii)

(i) Sharpen their edges when blunt

(ii) Replace any broken wooden handle

(iii) Clean and wash after use.

 

(1biii)

(i) They both consist of a wooden handle

(ii) They both consist of a metal blade

 

(1b)

(CHOOSE ANY BEST 3)

(i) Increase in social vices or crime: Social vices like armed robbery, hired assassins, car snatching e.t.c. will be on the increase, partly due to unemployment and other factors.

(ii) High Cost of living: High population concentration leads to high cost of living as only few facilities and goods are available to the people and these tends to increase the cost of living.

(iii) Traffic Congestion: Many people travel on the roads at the same time, hence there is traffic congestion most of the time.

(iv) Environmental Pollution: More wastes are produced due to high concentration of people and these tends to cause pollution in the environment.

(v) Unemployment: Areas of high population usually do not have enough jobs for the ever increasing influx of the people in such area. This leads to unemployment or under-employment.

 

(1c)

(CHOOSE ANY BEST 3)

(i) Creation of more jobs by establishing industries.

(ii) Provision of more houses, good social amenities at affordable rates.

(iii) Improved transport network or diversified means of transportation.

(iv) Improved waste disposal and development control measures.

(v) Provision of Employment Opportunities.

 

 (3a)

Manufacturing Industry simply refers to the changing or transformation of raw materials into finished products in the factory.

 

OR

 

Manufacturing Industry is defined as the industries which can convert raw materials combined with other materials to produce finished goods, using special machines and equipment. Examples are Food Processing, Iron & Steel e.t.c.

 

(3b)

(i) Majority of the industries are small scale in nature.

(ii) They can only be located in urban centers.

(iii) They are dependant on imported raw materials from other countries.

 

(EXPLANATION)

COMING…

 

(3c)

(CHOOSE ANY BEST 3)

(i) Heavy Industries are usually large scale in nature *WHILE* Light industries are relatively small in plants and products.

(ii) The products of heavy industries are usually heavy e.g. ships, aeroplanes, iron and steel *WHILE* Products of Light industries are light e.g. Cigarettes, bread, razor and office pins.

(iii) Usually the turn-over of heavy industry is heavy, *WHILE* It is small in light Industries.

(iv) Heavy industries employ the services of more males while light industries may employ the services of more females than males.

 

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NECO Geography Answers.

(6a)

(CHOOSE ANY BEST 4)

(i) Provision Of Irrigation for Agriculture: Dam helps to promote irrigation agriculture through the water trapped in the dams e.g. Aswan Dam.

(ii) Generation of Electricity: Dams helps to generate electricity (H.E.P.) for domestic and industrial uses e.g. Kainji Dam.

(iii) Generation of Revenue: Dams generates revenue for government, e.g. the extension of electricity to neighbouring countries as a source of foreign exchange.

(iv) Provision of Food For Man: Dams provides food for man, e.g. prawns and crayfish which grow in dams. e.g. Kainji Dam.

(v) Provision Of Employment Opportunities: It provides employment opportunities for many people e.g. Farmers, Engineers e.t.c.

 

(6b)

(CHOOSE ANY BEST 2 THAT MATCHES THE SOLUTIONS)

(i) There is low level of technology.

(ii) Seasonal fluctuation in the volume of the rivers.

(iii) Inadequate capital to construction and maintain dam e.g. H.E.P (Hydro Electric Power).

(iv) Inadequate skilled manpower to manage dam e.g. H.E.P (Hydro Electric Power).

 

(6c)

(i) High Level of Technology should be involved and considered before introducing a dam.

(ii) Enough of High Purchasing Power or Capital should be considered before introducing a dam.

9a)

Demand may be defined as the ability and willingness to buy a specific quantity of goods and services at a given price and at a particular period of time

 

(9b)

(i) Population

(ii) Income of the consumer

(iii) Changes in taste of consumer

(iv) Period of festivals

 

(i) Population: Increase in population in an area will lead to high demand for commodities and vice versa

 

(ii) Income of the consumer: The higher the Income of a consumer, the higher the quantity of commodities that he/she will demand and vice versa

 

(iii) Changes in taste of consumer: If consumers change their taste for a particular commodity, the demand for that commodity will also change

 

(iv) Period of festivals: It is well known that people demand for more of specific commodities during certain festivals

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(12a)

An Industry can be defined as a group of firm producing similar product and under separate administration of management

 

(12b)

(i) Tax Concessions to pioneer Industries: The federal government give tax Concession to pioneer Industries for a specified number of years during which the industry will not pay tax

(ii) Protection of infact industries: the government protect infact industries through high import duties and outright ban or placement of quotas or imported commodities which compete with those of home industries

(iii) Development of infrastructure facilities: Government has also embark on construction of better road networks especially the express roads efficient telecommunications, electricity and water supply system

(iv) Establishment of Industrial Estate: The government should also Establish industrial estate and thus reduce the problems of locating industries in urban areas

(v) Establishment of Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree: the Nigerian Enterprises of promotion decree of 1972 was set up by the Federal military government in an attempt to transfer part of the profits. Generated in Nigeria to the local people

(12a)

An Industry can be defined as a group of firm producing similar product and under separate administration of management

 

(12b)

(i) Tax Concessions to pioneer Industries: The federal government give tax Concession to pioneer Industries for a specified number of years during which the industry will not pay tax

(ii) Protection of infact  industries:  the government protect infact industries through high import duties and outright ban or placement of quotas or imported commodities which compete with those of home industries

(iii) Development of infrastructure facilities: Government has also embark on construction of better road networks especially the express roads efficient telecommunications, electricity and water supply system

(iv) Establishment of Industrial Estate: The government should also Establish industrial estate and thus reduce the problems of locating industries in urban areas

(v) Establishment of Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree: the Nigerian Enterprises of promotion decree of 1972 was set up by the Federal military government in an attempt to transfer part of the profits. Generated in Nigeria to the local people.

(4a)

Organizational markets are markets in which companies and individuals purchase goods for purposes other than personal consumption.

 

(4b)

(i) *PRODUCER MARKETS:* Producers buy goods and services and transform them into a sellable product, which they sell to their customers for the purpose of making a profit. Examples of producers are farmers, manufacturers and construction companies.

 

(ii) *RESELLER MARKET:* Resellers buy finished products and resell them to their customers for the purpose of making a profit. Resellers do not modify the products they buy. Resellers can be wholesalers who sell their products to other resellers or retailers who sell their products to end users.

 

(iii) *INSTITUTIONAL MARKET:* Institutions are non-government organizations that buy goods and services to support their internal operations. The function of institutions is to better their communities, not to make a profit. Examples of institutional markets are churches, hospitals, and colleges.

 

(iv)  *GOVERNMENT MARKET:* Governments buy goods and services to support their internal operations; they do not transform the goods and services or resell them to make a profit. Government markets usually buy their goods through a bidding process and include federal, state, county, and local governments.

 

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(6)

(i) *INTENSIVE DISTRIBUTION:* In intensive distribution, the product is sold to as many appropriate retailers or wholesalers as possible. Intensive distribution is appropriate for products such as chewing gum, candy bars, soft drinks, bread, film and cigarettes where the primary factor influencing the purchase decision is convenience.

 

(ii) *SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION:* In Selective Distribution, the number of outlets that may carry a product is limited, but not to the extent of exclusive dealing. Selective Distribution may be used for product categories such as clothing, appliances, televisions etc.

 

(iii) *EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION:* When a single outlet is given an exclusive franchise to sell the product in a geographical area. Products such as special automobiles, some major appliances, certain brands of furniture.

 

(iv) Direct Channel of Distribution:

 

(v) Indirect Channel of Distribution:

 

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(8a)

Price is the sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in the market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in the market or barter; cost.

 

(8b)

*(CHOOSE ANY BEST 4)*

(i) Cost-plus Pricing.

(ii) Price Skimming.

(iii) Premium Pricing.

(iv) Penetration Pricing.

(v) Geographical Pricing.

 

*(EXPLANATION)*

 

(i) *COST-PLUS PRICING:* This is the simplest pricing method. The firm calculates the cost of producing the product and adds a percentage (profit) to that price to give the selling price. The term cost-plus pricing is widely used in retaining, where the retailer wants to know with some certainty what the gross profit margin of each sale will be.

 

(ii) *PRICE SKIMMING:* Skimming involves setting a high price before other competitors come into the market. This is often used for the launch of a new product which faces little or no competition usually due to some technological features.

 

(iii) *PREMIUM PRICING:* Premium Pricing is the practice of keeping the price of a product or service artificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price.

 

(iv) *PENETRATION PRICING:* Penetration Pricing is when you set a relatively low initial entry price, hoping people will switch from a higher priced vendor.

 

(v) *GEOGRAPHICAL PRICING:* Geographical Pricing sees variations in price in different parts of the world. For example rarity value, or where transportation costs increase price. In some countries there is more tax on certain types that sometimes goods are mich cheaper or expensive.

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(9a)

Marketing Research is therefore the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problem relating to marketing of goods and services.

 

(9b)

*(CHOOSE ANY BEST 4)*

(i) Introduction of New Product or Service.

(ii) Customer Development.

(iii) Competition Analysis.

(iv) Marketing Advertising/Development.

(v) Customer Satisfaction.

 

(9c)

(i) *MARKET RESEARCH:* Identification of a specific market and measurement of its size and other characteristics.

 

(ii) *PRODUCT RESEARCH:* Identification of a need or want and the characteristics of the good of service that will satisfy it.

 

(iii) *CONSUMER RESEARCH:* Identification pf the preferences, motivations, and buying behaviour of the targeted customers.

 

(iv) *INFORMATION:* Information for marketing research is collected from direct observation of the customers (such as in retail stores), mail surveys, interviews etc.S

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